Experienced teachers make decisions about educational practice using Essay

Experienced teachers make decisions about educational practice using their catch of a range of theories about acquisition. No one theory provides all the a - Essay congresswomanThere are four important perspectives in learning theories, behaviorism, humanism, constructivism and cognitivism.In education, behaviorist theories maintain that learning is the result of operant conditioning which is a process and both investigated and named by B F Skinner. The name operant is apply to explain the way in which behavior of an individual operates in a point person. According to behaviorism theory, behavior of an individual may result either in penalisation or in reinforcement. If the behavior results in reinforcement, then chances of equal behavior occurring again are higher, at the same time, if a behavior results in punishment, then its chances of happening again are very remote. But we should consider that the issues related to punishment or reinforcement are quite complex. For ins tance, a punisher or reinforcer is place within behaviorism by its effect on behavior. So, a punishment may not be regarded as punishment if it does not result in the reduction of a specific behavior. Therefore, behaviorists generally concentrate on measurable changes on behavior.Operant conditioning uses the consequences of behavior to alter the form of behavior and its occurrence. It fundamentally deals with modification of voluntary behavior. It generally, creates five consequences such as positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment and extinction.It is important to note that it is not the individuals who are reinforced or punished rather it is his or her reply which is reinforced or punished. In operant conditioning context, the terms positive and negative are, generally, not used in their popular meaning, but rather positive means to addition and negative refers to subtraction.4. Negative punishment -It occurs when a response (beha vior) results removal of a