A fence should not be built on the U.S. – Mexican Border

The U.S. should manufacture a divider among itself and Mexico, beat with razor wire. This is tied in with toughening movement laws and the severe implementation of laws as of now generally discussed.The building is a 2,000 mile-long fence would cost around 680 (m) million dollars, and it would slow outskirt intersections. It is for applicants running for president to have clear and forceful designs for managing immigration.It likewise gives accomplishing something that may really work to prevent expatriates from flooding into the United States is really drawing incredible intrigue. It won't leave. Illicit movement isn't simply affecting the Border States. Displaced people are showing up all over. Intrinsically it is a Federal duty to shield the 50 states from intrusion and as a down to earth matter it is affecting all of us.Background:â€Å"For those individuals who don't live in the U.S. of America or have not found out about it, U.S.A. government has chosen to build a divider alon g the outskirt of Mexico to endeavor to keep out illicit and MS13 group individuals. The MS13 is a hazardous tribe that represents considerable authority in pirating medications and individuals across fringes and has advanced from Columbia to Northern Mexico and expect to get into The U.S. of America.Also, there have been reports of the AL Qaida endeavoring to get the MS13 to sneak THEMSELVES into the U.S. of A. so they can proceed with their rule of fear. The Mexican government feels that it is pointless that there is building a divider and have begun contrasting President Bush with Hitler as a result of the Berlin wall.Personally believe that the divider ought to be worked to shield American from the MS13 and to control the measure of illicitly relocating to the U.S. of America (â€Å"All to Protect the Innocent†.Tue January 24 2006 20:02. http://forums.ubi.com)†.Immigrant or an exile rights bunches the nation over are currently moving toward placing migration with re gards to a worldwide economy, globalization, and individuals moving getting away from destitution, hunger, common war, and oppression. NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement) commenced that trend.When it was affirmed at the NAFTA hearings that Mexican and Aliens grumbled of why they weren’t remembering migration for the setting of a monetary unhindered commerce understanding. For what reason would they say they were concentrating on the free development of product however not on the free development of individuals? Essentially it's a work issue.California has consistently been affected immensely by migration, not simply by individuals from Mexico. It’s now assessed even by the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) that there are at any rate 5,000,000 outsiders in the U.S. who are undocumented. California for the most part comes in with in any event half of those outsiders, not just on account of its juxtaposition to Baja California, yet in addition it's where individuals can mix into urban areas like L.A. furthermore, San Francisco. There's around 9,000,000 in these urban areas and about a third are foreigners and refugees.It is significant that it starts tending to migration inside the setting of a worldwide economy. Globalization influences the United States since interests in different nations have effects, for example, individuals leaving that nation, the removal of employments, occupations moving all through a country.Primarily centers around human rights and no place is human rights more affected than on the U.S.- Mexico fringe. These possess truly been a derisive energy for Americans particularly with the shooting occurrence by the military.Right from that point onward, other military tasks were uncovered, including here inCalifornia where National Guard troops have been out in cover, stowing away in the brush on the appearance of searching for medications and outsiders. What's more, there has been acquainted enactment in th e House with send 10,000 military soldiers in to California.This is notwithstanding 5,000 Border Patrol operators endorsed by Congress. That is going to intrude on a ton of development. It could in the end meddle with organized commerce since to what extent will Mexico set up with this encounter by the military on the border.Going back to history, the U.S. contracted with Mexicans to come to work here during the '30s and '40s and '50s. At that point the xenophobia began, the substitute, and you had enormous strikes and extraditions of a huge number of Mexicans. U.S. residents and lawful occupants just as undocumented were completely sent to Mexico during the '30s and '40s and '50s.During '50s, activity wetback, and despite the fact that I'm a fifth era U.S. resident, directly on these boulevards around here I used to be halted in transit home from school, or visiting my sweetheart, or going midtown. The police used to smack me in a bad position and call the Border Patrol. They becom e accustomed to do in something like each other week. They used to remove from employments, after school occupations, in eateries, lodgings by among Mexicans

Jane Eyre Book Review Research Paper Example

Jane Eyre Book Review Paper There was no chance of going for a stroll that day. We had been meandering without a doubt, in the leafless greenery an hour toward the beginning of the day, yet since supper (Mrs. Reed, when there was no organization, feasted early) the virus winter wind had carried with it mists so grave, and a downpour so infiltrating, that farther entryway practice was presently not feasible. This is the initial passage to the interesting novel Jane Eyre written in 1847 by the lady essayist Charlotte Bronte, but Jane Eyre despite everything stays a great of nineteenth century writing. Jane Eyre is sentimental without being sappy or trite. The pace is almost great and kept me going pages to discover what occurred. The story abstains from getting repetitive, as some English books are which demonstrates that its simple to perceive any reason why the book is such a work of art. The primary characters are multi-dimensional and exceptionally fascinating, Jane Eyre has an excessive number of characters yet some are essential just in light of the fact that they appear to be so genuine. The two characters that I discovered generally fascinating and important were obviously Jane Eyre and Mr Rochester. This epic is unique; Jane Eyre is a youthful vagrant with brutal family members who transport her off to a school for oppressed kids. It isn't the most lovely spot possible. She grows up there, and afterward goes to fill in as a tutor under a strange man, Mr. Rochester. Regardless of all his unforgiving ways, she experiences passionate feelings for him. Be that as it may, a dull mystery takes steps to annihilate their affection. Clearly Rochester is pulled in to Jane when he meets her. In spite of the fact that hes 20 years her senior, and she are just eighteen, theres a moment fascination on the two sides. We will compose a custom exposition test on Jane Eyre Book Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Jane Eyre Book Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Jane Eyre Book Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As I would like to think I think shes stressed to focus on a man, in light of the fact that nobody, appropriately, aside from her Uncle has ever adored Jane. What's more, the principal individual she turned out to be near Helen Burns, a companion she made in Lowood School kicked the bucket youthful. I cannot resist believing that Jane is so stressed over beginning a relationship in view of her misfortunes throughout her life. Her Mother, Father, Uncle and Helen. The main individuals who cherished her were detracted from her. Does she think a similar will happen to Rochester? Ive consistently thought Jane wasnt not intrigued, however increasingly terrified, than everything else. The tale is loaded up with unexpected developments and puzzle. Who is the secretive occupant in the upper room who once almost torched the house? Will the wonderful, however haughty, Blanche Ingram interfere with Jane and Mr. Rochester? These are only a few the inquiries, which should be replied. The intriguing utilization of language and the supernatural nature of her composition, which separates Charlotte Bronte qually from her antecedent Jane Austen and her replacement George Elliot, is one of the trademark parts of her work Charlotte Bronte , no not as much as her sister Emily, was a magnificently unique craftsman. Charlotte Bronte has made Jane a totally different figure from the standard nineteenth century courageous woman. She is solid willed, disobedient, certain, yet modest, and to put it plainly, a lady of direction. By making a character like Jane, Bronte sent a resonat ing reference point to ladies from varying backgrounds. Her message is basic, at times neglected, however consistently present. I accept that message to be that ladies are similarly as skilled as men, that they have hearts and brains too, and that a lady is fit for significantly something beyond wedding. At the finish of Jane Eyre we don't feel so much that we have perused a book, as that we have separated from a generally solitary and persuasive lady, met by chance upon a Yorkshire slope, who has gone with us for a period and disclosed to us a mind-blowing entire history. As I would like to think being a devotee of the Bronte sisters I realized that Id truly appreciate Jane Eyre. Not exclusively are their composing procedures extremely comparative, yet additionally theyre delivering of characters are indistinguishable as well. Albeit Emily is that bit darker, and increasingly gothic, and Jane is more idealistic towards life, their characters all have awful occasions. Emily has more than one primary character all through her book, though Charlotte has picked Jane to be the fundamental character, and remain that all through the book. Albeit Emily writes in first individual, the story is put from a couple of people groups perspective, while Charlotte is a lot tidier, and keeps up with Jane telling the account all through. I think this mirrors their characters a ton. They were very unique Emily not one to adhere to the principles but rather run off to her very own universe. Though, Charlotte then again was substantially more grounded and adhered to the principles. You could say the equivalent regarding Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights in the regard of writing. Jane Eyre joins all types, from sentiment to tension, puzzle to show. I chuckled, cried and pretty much ripped my hair out. It appeared to be everything conceivable had emerged to shield the darlings from being together. Did it ever occur; was there a cheerful completion? I surmise youll simply need to peruse to discover. This book is long, and utilizes antiquated language so it isn't for everybody, except those needing a great sentiment, this is THE book! Jane Eyre is a decent impact to anybody whos experienced terrible occasions, to show that you can overcome them simply as her. Jane Eyre is a book you can never exhaust of, and you truly can peruse it a few times, and appreciate, and value it increasingly more each time.

Does Your Credit Score Show up on a Background Check

Does Your Credit Score Show up on a Background Check Does Your Credit Score Show up on a Background Check? Does Your Credit Score Show up on a Background Check?Background checks can return all sorts of information about your past (and present) that youd rather keep secret. But will it return your credit score?It’s the question everyone is asking: “does your credit score show up on a background check?”Or maybe they’re asking “what is a credit score?” or “why would I have to have a background check?”Well, those questions and more will soon be answered for you! Buckle in, because you’re about to go on a roller coaster. A roller coaster of knowledge! What is a credit score anyway?A credit score is a three-digit number created from information collected by the three major credit bureaus, Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. That information is compiled into credit reports and is fed through a formula (most commonly supplied by the FICO corporation) to create your score. That score is a number that  creditors use to determine if they’re going to lend to you and at what rate.Yo ur credit score is made of five parts.The largest part, your payment history, makes up 35 percent of your overall score. This is, essentially, whether you pay your bills on time. Obviously, whether or not you’ll be paying the loan back is one of the biggest, if not the biggest, factor a lender takes into account when deciding to lend to you. So whether or not you’ve paid your previous loans and other bills on time is going to be a major consideration.Amounts owed, at only five percent less, is the next largest part of your credit score. It is an accounting of the current debts you owe, as lenders will suspect you’ll be less able to handle additional obligations if you owe a lot already. The only kinds of loans that probably wont show up are no credit check loans like payday loans, cash advances, and title loans.Jumping down to 15 percent, is the length of your credit history. If you’ve been handling your finances well for 10 years, that tells a potential lender a lot more th an if you’ve been handling them well for six months.The last two parts of your credit score are worth 10 percent each. One is your credit mix, which concerns the specific kinds of debt you hold. Certain debts will reflect more positively on your credit score while having no debt at all can actually be a negative. Lenders would rather see you taking out personal loans or using a credit card and paying them off in full and on time than avoiding credit at all.The last 10 percent comes from new credit inquiries. When a potential lender performs what’s known as a “hard credit check” it will temporarily show up on your credit report. Lenders feel uncomfortable if they know you’re trying to take out multiple loans all at once. (There are exceptions for inquiries made within a certain short-term period to encourage shopping around for the best rate.)  Soft credit checks, on the other hand, do not show up on your credit report.Put all that information together, and you get your cre dit score. A credit score higher than 720 and you’re in great shape. Lower than 630, and you’ll be really running into trouble.When will you get a background check?Anyone has the ability to run a background check on you with your consent. However, most commonly a person will be asked to undergo a background check if they’re trying to apply for an apartment or a job.If your credit score is less than ideal, you may be worried it could show up on a background check. Will an employer, a landlord, or an extremely cautious potential new friend judge you differently if a poor score shows up on the background check?Well, you may not have to worry about that very specific scenario.Will it or won’t it include your score?Okay, time to stop putting off the big question you’re here to have answered. Will your credit score appear on a background check?“In a word, no,” answered Larry P. Smith, an attorney at ProtectingConsumerRights.com. “Credit scores typically do not show up on a background check. Most background checks for employment do not seek credit information, but rather, criminal history. They are typically looking for whether you are dangerous to employ.Some pre-employment screenings do go deeper and look at credit. This is usually when the job requires the employee to handle money- as many states are enacting laws to prevent credit checks for employment except for certain circumstances.In those instances, a score may be revealed, but again, typically not. Those reports are looking to see whether the person has judgments, has declared bankruptcy, or has a large amount of outstanding debt. Credit scores really do not get revealed in background checks.”Private investigator Lisa Ribacoff concurred: “Credit scores are NOT provided when we produce reports. We indicate to our clients that unless there is a signed authorization that we can gain access to their reports, then we are not able to even conduct the search. With our findings, we only provide the current and closed accounts as well as payment history and balances.”So nothing at all to worry about, right? Well, just because a background check won’t turn up your actual credit score doesn’t mean the financial information that does turn up will be all smiles and sunshine.“The credit score usually isnt revealed on a background check,” explained Roslyn Lash, an Accredited Financial Counselor and the founder of Youth Smart Financial Education Services. “However, your credit history is more likely to show up. Even if the actual score isnt given, a history is actually more revealing since it provides more details including dates, amounts owed, and delinquencies.”Turning down a background check means you probably won’t get that job or apartment. So the best you can do is just work on your finances now so everything will look good when you do need to get a background check.To learn more about your credit score, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoan s:A Brief History of Credit ScoresNo Credit Card? Here Are 6 Ways You Can Still Fix Your Credit ScoreHow Bad Credit Can Affect Your UtilitiesYes, You Might Need a Credit Check to Rent a CarWhat other questions do you have about credit scores? We want to hear about it! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsRoslyn Lash  (@RosLash) is an Accredited Financial Counselor and the Author of  The 7 Fruits of Budgeting.  She specializes in financial education, adult coaching, and works virtually with adults helping them to navigate through their personal finances i.e. budgeting, debt, and credit repair. Roslyn is a  Real Estate Broker and is also the founder of Youth Smart Financial Education Services which specializes in financial literacy. Her advice has been featured in national publications such as USA Today, Forbes, TIME, Huffington Post, Los Angeles Times, and a host of other media outlets.Lisa Ribacoff is an Advanced Certified Polygraph Examiner and the Manager of In ternational Investigative Group, Ltd. (@iigpi),  Credibility Assessment Division. She is a member of the American College of Forensic Examiners, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International). She has been featured on FUSE Medias Web Series Lie Detector among many other Morning news programs and talk shows.Larry P. Smith  is a consumer rights attorney, concentrating his practice in the areas of Fair Credit Reporting Act and Fair Debt Collections Practices violations, as well as consumer fraud claims and lemon law.   He is the Managing Partner at SmithMarco, P.C. in Chicago, Illinois.

The Effects of the Black Plague on Christianity - 2851 Words

The Effects of the Black Plague on Christianity By Marilyn Griffin REL 387 AL Christ’s People through the Ages 10 October 2011 The Effects of the Black Plague on Christianity The Black Plague, also known as Black Death, the Great Mortality, and the Pestilence, is the name given to the plague that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351. It is said to be the greatest catastrophe experienced by the western world up to that time. In Medieval England, the Black Death killed 1.5 million people out of an estimated 4 million people between 1348 and 1350. There was no medical knowledge in England to cope with the disease. After 1350, it stroke England another six times by the end of the century. The Black Plague is said to have†¦show more content†¦Rather than becoming more religious in thanksgiving to God for survival, people began to harbor doubts. They would turn to the church for an answer to the plague, and the church was unable to help. According to Robert S. Gottfried, author of the book The Black Plague: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe, the Black Plague had a huge impact on human beh avior and psychology, â€Å"the mechanics and commonplaces of everyday life simply stopped, at least initially â€Å"(77-78). With the devastation of the plague, â€Å"peasants no longer ploughed, merchants closed their shops, and some, if not all, churchmen stopped offering last rites† (Gottfried 78). In his book The Decameron, Boccaccio described many of the responses of the people during this time: â€Å"Because of such happenings and many others of a like sort, various fears and superstitions arose among the survivors, almost all of which tended toward one end-to flee from the sick and whatever had belonged to them. In this way each man thought to be safeguarding his own health. Some among them were of the opinion that by living temperately and guarding against excesses of all kinds, they could do much toward avoiding the danger; and in forming a band they lived away from the rest of the world. Gathering in those houses where no one had been ill and living was mor e comfortable, they shut themselves in. They ate moderately of the best that could be had and drankShow MoreRelatedEssay Exam Euh10001386 Words   |  6 Pages| Essay Exam #2 West of the World | Virginia Atteberry10/16/2011 | Fall 2011 – EUH1000- Western Civil Thru 1589 - 35290 | 1. Discuss the Lay Investiture struggle and give its effects. What was really at stake? The Lay Investiture struggle was between the people of the Church and the rulers of Europe. The rulers wanted to have power over the church which would require the church officials to become dependent upon the government. Not only would the pope and the other officialsRead MoreThe Black Death s Effects On Europe1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death’s Effects on Europe Cole Younger WH2 11-20-15 Rough Draft The disastrous plague called the Black Death had monumental, long lasting effects that would ultimately change the fate of the entire continent of Europe. The mid-1300s in Europe were part of the Dark Ages. Human populations were near over-crowding, and the land was stretched to produce food. Mother Nature created a drastic solution. The world lifted a bleak shadow of death and chaos over the people ofRead MoreThe Black Death s Effects On Europe1454 Words   |  6 Pagesdisastrous plague called the Black Death had monumental, long lasting effects that would ultimately change the fate of the entire continent of Europe. The mid-1300s in Europe were part of the Dark Ages. Human populations were near over-crowding, and the land was stretched to produce food. Mother Nature created a drastic solution. The world lifted a bleak shadow of death and chaos over the people of Europe in the form of plague. It originated from fleas, but rats carried the fleas with this plague acrossRead MoreThe Black Death : A Silent, Catastrophic Killer1326 Words   |  6 Pages The Black Death: A Silent, Catastrophic Killer In 1347, merchants arrived in Sicily from a trading trip in China. They carried Chinese goods on board with them, but they harbored an unknown killer, as well. Hiding on the rats living on board the cargo vessel was the bacteria Yersinia Pestis, or what would later become known as the Black Death.The Black Death was a disease that destroyed much of Europe’s population throughout the 14th century. This rodent-borne disease was a huge obstacle in humanRead MoreBlack Death Dbq1206 Words   |  5 PagesIslam and Christianity, although sharing many similarities, also had their fair share of disagreements, one being their responses to the Black Death. The religion, demography, and interactions all contributed to the differentiation of Muslim and Christian reactions. Christians thought that the Black Death was sent from God as a punishment and blamed the Jews, while Muslims considered it a blessing and did not accuse any minority of initiating the outbreak. The entire reason that the Black Death evenRead MoreEssay about Taking a Look Back at the Black Death755 Words   |  4 PagesWho knew that in the 1300s, plague would strike along the trade routes (Doc 1) to the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe, killing nearly one-third of the population it exposed to it in just five short years? Many during this time period would say that God, not only knew, but also was the one responsible for bringing the plague known as the â€Å"Black Death, Great Pestilence, or even the Great Plague;† it was a combination of three different plagues from three different bacterial strains: bubonicRead MoreThe Black Death Changed Our History1736 Words   |  7 Pages The Black Death changed the course of history through several forms of upheaval. The effects of the Black Death were multifarious and nuanced. However, it is possible to examine a few aspects of the changes it wrought and by so doing, acquire a greater understanding for the way it chan ged history as a whole. The dimensions of the change covered herein will include demographic shift, revolts of the people, and social upheaval. The demographic change occured as a direct result of the massive amountRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was a very important time in history and, while devastating, it led to many advances in medicine due to the mass spread of a new deadly disease. The 14th Century encompassed the time period of January 1, 1301 to December 31, 1400. When this disease struck, Ole J. Benedictow calculates that it killed about 50 million people in Europe alone, which was about 60% of Europe’s population at the time. That being said, the Black Death, often referred to as the Bubonic Plague, clocked inRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague1048 Words   |  5 Pagesbody: without employment, is a disease- the rest of the soul is a Plague, a hell itself† (Smiles, Samuel). The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, came to existence in the Fourteenth Century. It was transferred from Asia in the late 1340s and caused a mass eruption in Europe. It was a very dark time period of history, which changed the way people viewed religion, fellow citizens, and life. In the 1300s, the century of the Plague, there were many poor conditions. One example was the home itselfRead MoreMonty Python And The Holy Grail861 Words   |  4 Pages The film Monty Python and the Holy Grail is a parody of Arthurian stories. It is a film that is not very elaborate on special effects, costumes and such as it even includes invisible horses with coconuts to mimic the sound of the â€Å"galloping† horses. All which indicate the low budget set on the production of the film. Although, the quality of the film does not suffer with it’s low budget since this adds uniqueness and more comical pieces to the film. The concepts triggered in the film come from elements

What is a Community Essay example - 1300 Words

A community is established when more than two people share the same values and through time this personal connection evolves into a fellowship governed by rituals, traditions, and a particular form of communication that when taken together makes a group of individuals whether living in a specific geographical area or connected by ideals so distinct that their distinguishing marks allow them to stand out from among the crowd. They do not just believe in something like an organization but they need each other to survive and thrive. A good example is the Old Order Amish Mennonite community wherein the community serves as source of identity, strength and provides the reason why they should sustain the community’s way of life. It†¦show more content†¦Communities are affected, and in a sense defined by, forces that affect community members and their space. The forces can range from outside organizations such as the government and large corporations †¦ These components of the community vary infinitely, and thus no two communities are the same; even a given community is not the same over time (Cnaan Milofsky, p. 1) Based on this definition it is interesting to note that the Old Order Amish Mennoite community satisfies the requirements of place, interests and communion. Aside from being a perfect example of a community the Amish people exemplify what it means to be a part of a community that it is their source of identity, strength, and sustainability. Each individual exists for the community but as a whole the community nurtures each member and therefore it is unthinkable for an Amish man or woman to leave their community behind. On the other hand many Americans feel they must â€Å"get involved.† In public life as well as in private, we can discern the habits that sustain individualism and commitment as well as what makes them problematic. (Bellah, p.74) For the Amish Mennonite community the purpose of the community is very clear. First, it provides them a sense of identity, not only who they are as of the present but also helps them to trace their origins and the reason for theirShow M oreRelatedWhat Is The Role Of The Community In A Community932 Words   |  4 Pagestraining? Female Respondent: Not necessarily. I don’t think--- Interviewer: (51:28) There are other trainings that actually--- Interviewer 2: (51:30) That are similar to this? Interviewer: (51:31) Yes. That actually bring in all stakeholders in the community, like she said, that would address all gatekeepers who might see a case like this. It will be the schools. It will be the churches. It will be the PCP officers. It will be the ER. There are cases where they have trained firefighters to do this, EMTsRead MoreWhat Is A Community Profile?1238 Words   |  5 PagesChapter one - Introduction What is a community profile? There are lots of health issues in all areas of United Kingdom (UK), in some areas more than others, the purpose of this community profile is to analyse a certain area within the North East of England and concentrate on a particular health inequality, in this case smoking within Middlesbrough and how as nurses this can be dealt with using health promotion ensuring the health and well-being of the community is paramount and also defining healthRead MoreWhat Is Community Work?1834 Words   |  8 PagesWhat Is Community Work? Through this essay I will try to create a greater understanding of the term ‘community work’. I will begin with a short summary from two studies which help define the term on a broad basis. I will follow this by an explanation of the various approaches which can be used in community work. I will highlight the importance the community and voluntary sector have in social partnership in Ireland today. I will also discuss how funding, or a lack of it, impacts on essential servicesRead MoreWhat Defines A Discourse Community?1301 Words   |  6 Pages What defines a discourse community? A discourse community is defined by John Swales as â€Å"groups that have goals or purposes, and use communication to achieve these goals.† There are many characteristics that are used to define a discourse community; one being having a common goal or purpose. To be considered a discourse community there must be communication with one another, and the use of feedback. There is often a specific genre for this communication and each community has it’s own lexis. ForRead MoreWhat Is The Impact Of The UCI Community?1217 Words   |  5 Pagestragedy that occurred in New York on September 11, 2001. That is to say if such comparable event occurs, bountiful of students will be appalled and adrift to cope with the situation. The New U issue published on September 17, 2001 showcases the UCI community, allowing students to experience that in times of harsh and wicked moments, there are many opportunities on campus to guide thru difficulty and into a healthy, enjoyable life. Whether students decide to find assistance from doctors, professorsRead MoreWhat Is a Professional Learning Community1145 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a Professional Learning Community? NaKishia D. Glenn Gardner-Webb University Abstract Throughout this paper you will be able to gain more knowledge on what a Professional Learning Community (PLC) is. I will explore two different areas: general characteristics of PLCs and the big ideas that are associated with them. I will refer to different types of students throughout this paper. When I mention high achievers I will be referring to those are students whose test scores put them in theRead MoreWhat Is A Community Strategic Plan1307 Words   |  6 Pages Community Strategic Plan: Part B, Strategic Plan Lindsay M. Quiazon Dr. Crudeline Gray NURS 561 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention July 30, 2017 West Coast University In the community assessment of San Fernando valley part, A, it was mentioned that there are many chronic illnesses such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes and obesity that are caused by poor health management, high cost of healthcare and inadequate knowledge of the disease. One factor that could cause these chronicRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Community? Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pages1). What makes a good community? Good communities are much like good families in that they consider the well being of all members. When one member suffers, other members take note and provide the needed support. Likewise, the expression that a mother is only as happy as her saddest child is analogous to a community being only as healthy as its most marginalized member. Using this paradigm, one can assess the quality of a community from the lens of a family member. Families, like communitiesRead MoreWhat Is Meant by Community Policing535 Words   |  2 PagesBefore any move forward on education, study must be made to fully understand just what is meant by community policing. Following would have to include information necessary to outline any benefits. Credited with the concept of community policing was a Michigan State University professor by the name of Robert Trojanowicz. Trojanowicz’s definition (Trojanowicz, Kappeler, Gaines, Bucqueroux Sluder, 1998) was; â€Å" A philosophy of full service, perso nalized policing where the same officer patrolled andRead MoreWhat Rank Is Like A Community1873 Words   |  8 Pageswhat rank are you applying for? Helper Are you a Boy or Girl? I am a boy What country do you live in? I currently live in the country United Kingdom Do you have a YouTube or Twitch channel?  https://www.twitch.tv/thezombiepros Do you have a microphone/headset? Yes i do indeed. Why do you want this rank?  I want this rank because I believe that minecraft is like a community. A place where people come together to share ideas and have fun. I want to be a part of this and help make this server a fun

Logic Model Free Essays

Logic model Brief history of evaluation and the logic Model Scriven (1991) would argue that evaluation has been around for many years, and is only now recognised as a discipline. He would go further and say it is like a knowledge which has been around for a decade before we were discussing its use, nature and logic. It is essentially different from science in its methods and thought. We will write a custom essay sample on Logic Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now He would argue it is only recently we have appreciated its value as a discipline we still have a long way to go. Despite the current popularity of logic Models they date back to the 1970s. The first publication that used the term â€Å"logic model† was quoted as Evaluation: Promise and Performance by Joseph S. Wholey (1979). Suchman (1967) is similar to Bennett’s hierarchy, The Seven Levels of Evidence (1975, 1976), well-known in Cooperative Extension circles, was an early predecessor of today’s logic model. The backgrounds and footprints of logic model thinking can be seen in the private sector, public sector and non-profit sector. Private sector- The private sector has experienced total quality management (TQM) and performance measurement movements. TQM is an on-going process that involves management and staff to meet the requirements of clients and other stakeholders while keeping costs to a minimum. Moullin (2002) Public sector- The Government Performance targets with health and social care which asked for outcomes which were linked to funding. E. g. Accident and Emergency waiting times, more recently the push for released prisoners who are managed within the community by agencies will receive funding if they do not reoffend within a set time frame. This is similar to the payment by results concept within the health service. This saw the influx of program managers being employed within the public sector. We also have performance indicators within the Local Authority which measure assessment time frames and timely reviews of LAC. Non-profit sector- The non-profit sector is concerned with improving programs to produce outcomes. This has resulted from the new commissioning guide lines where contracts dictate agreed outcomes linked to funding. I have chosen the logic model for evaluation and am going to discuss its strengths and weaknesses. A logic model is an evaluation tool that provides a way of illustrating a program visually so it can be understood by all stake holders. It can be presented in table format which can be presented in easy read language thus can involve clients with disabilities. It shows planned activities and results expected from it and there is no right or wrong way of developing the model. It provides a picture or diagram of what is going to be done and what the program evaluation is going to be. The Logic model has three approaches to evaluation: It is a client centred (bottom up approach) approach it starts with the desired effects or results and works up to outlining how we will get the results. It is best used when evaluating an existing activity. Within this research it will look at the existing processes of weather the voice of the child is heard within the Looked after Children Review (LAC)? Top down approach starting with the pre-planned program activities and strategies that can evaluate a program in its developmental phase, within the process of LAC review where the voice of the child is a concept that the government is wanting in place. The Independent Reviewing Manager is responsible for ensuring the voice of the child is heard. The most important strength of the Logic Model is that both approaches can be used at the same time. Benefits and limitations of the Logic Model It is a usefully program planning and evaluation tool. It is simple yet complex it can be time consuming as you seek to involve all stake holders. It may not always address weather we are doing the right thing and get caught up in creating the model then weather the program is the right thing to do. It mat stifle creativity and spontaneity as it has clear phases to follow. It is easier for the stake holders to understand the overall purpose of the program and it ensures the inputs and outputs correspond. It identifies key questions to be evaluated. This may not always cover all the outcomes that may happen as a result of the evaluation, e. g. he question asked may result in other unexpected outcomes which may be overlooked. Taylor et al (2008) This model clearly outlines the intended key elements to all stake holders, staff, clients, policy makers and the agencies. The model often focuses on positive change sadly this may not be the result as change is not always positive. The model can reveal the break in steps in any part of the progra m activities, revealing the limitation where a great deal of patience is required. It may simplify the complicated process of cause and attribution where they may be many issues that influence process and outcomes. Scriven puts in very simple terms â€Å"The relation between mosquitos and mosquito bites† (Scriven, 1991: 77) it is important to realise the logic model only makes a statement of intent not reality. Taylor et al (2008) Theory under pinning the logic model Empowerment Empowerment is a contested concept which can be defined in many ways depending on peoples understanding and ideas. Adams (2003) According to Wallerstein (1992), states empowerment is a social-action process. It encourages participation of people, organizations, and communities towards the goals of Individual and community control. Towards political efficacy, improved quality of Life and social justice, While Whitmore (1988) feels the concept of Empowerment needs to be more clearly defined; she states that there are some common Underlying assumptions: Individuals are assumed to understand their own needs better than anyone else and therefore should have the power both to define and act upon them. All people possess strengths upon which they can build. Empowerment is a lifelong endeavour. Personal knowledge and experience are effective and useful in managing. McDougall (1997) suggests â€Å"empowerment is not an intervention or a strategy. Rather it is a fundamental way of thinking†. â€Å"Empowerment is not giving people power; people already have plenty of power, in the wealth of their knowledge and motivation, to do their jobs magnificently. We define empowerment as letting this power out† (Blanchard, K 1960). As we can see from some of the definitions of empowerment that the individuals carrying out the evaluation themselves need to be committed to the values of equality and social inclusion otherwise the outcomes may be affected highlighting one of the weakness of the theory and logic model where we can have unexpected outcomes, and influences we may not have anticipated. Participation Participation of children and young people in social work policy and practice has been a fairly new concept. For many years professionals interpretation of children’s feelings, needs and wishes have determined services and influenced research and policy. Franklin et al (2004). It has slowly dawned on professionals over the last 30 years that children and young people need to be involved in decision making and processes. This desire to involve children and young people has only increased since 2000 Oldfield et al (2004). Participation now is central to current government legislation, policy and guidance framework underpinning delivery of public services to children and young people. This thinking has been influenced by social and political changes at national and international levels. Literature Search on Participation It is important to suggest that you cannot have empowerment without participation and participation without empowerment. Alderson (1993) has made us aware through his research the competencies children have in getting involved in decision making, and children and young people have been identified as a group in their own right. Alderson particular focused on children and young people’s ability to discuss and give consent to surgery. Fanklin et al (2004) The emergence of the children’s rights agenda. Children and young people began to gain legal participatory rights in decision- making under the UN convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), it was ratified in the UK in 1991. This focused adults to think about how to involve children and young people in decision â€Å"appropriate to abilities and understanding† Franklin et al (2004:6). Marchant et al (2004:136) would suggest that too often we are focusing on children and young people’s competence to participate rather than on adult’s competence to support children and young people to make decisions and take action. There has been an increasing influence of the consumer; the concept that as consumer’s children and young people are given more power threw legislation and policy to exercise choice and influence over the services they receive. Franklin et al (2004). Sadly majority of LAC have had no choice in coming into care but within the system they should be given choice. The reality of choice is often restricted by resources. My question would be do they really have choice are the consumers? The impact of high profile child protection cases in the late 1980s and early 1990s, which uncovered systematic physical and sexual abuse by staff in children’s homes led to an acknowledgement that â€Å"adults know best† and will act in the interest of children and young people had failed many children. There was a â€Å"culture of collusion, neglect, indifference and silence on the part of staff† Landsdown (2001:3). Children were denied a voice ‘speaking with’, ‘listening to’ and actively involving children and young people would have ensured their protection. Scottish Executive (2004) There is a growing movement of children’s service user and carers, we have seen a development of groups such as the Children’s Rights Alliance for England (2005); the Children’s Society (2006), National Young Carers Initiative and A National Voice, who are working towards transforming the status of children and young people in the UK. Children’s participation in the United Kingdom (UK) has moved a long way. Children and young people can play a crucial role when organisations listen to them in delivering services. Wright et al (2006) Methods There are robust applied reasons to view qualitative evaluation methods as harmonious to quantitative methods. Reichardt et al (1994). There is a wide debateon the two methods. Datta (1994) suggested that the difference in the two models are less apparent in practice then in theory and that often evaluators will use more than one approach due to the complexity of the work they do. Reichardt (1994) The table below tries to show differences between qualitative and quantitative evaluation approaches. For this research we will be using both, questions and narrative approach to allow the stakeholders to express their views. It will be an indicative approach starting with the data and then making sense by looking at the themes that emerge through language, feelings and experience. It is a holistic approach which is empowering as it tries to represent all stake holder’s views as well as evaluators. It is considered a natural way where the research is not looking to lead the stakeholders in any one direction. Miles Huberman, (1994) it is a holistic approach. Key Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation Approaches| Qualitative EvaluationIs Often Characterized by| Quantitative EvaluationIs Often Characterized by| †¢ Inductive approach to data gathering,interpretation, and reporting†¢ Holistic approach: finding gestalts for theevaluation results†¢ Verstehen: understanding the subjectivelived experiences of program stakeholders(discovering their truths)†¢ Using natural anguage throughout theevaluation process†¢ In-depth, detailed data collection†¢ Use of case studies†¢ The evaluator as the primary measuringinstrument†¢ A naturalistic approach: does not explicitlymanipulate the setting| †¢ Research hypotheses and questions that are tested in the evaluation†¢ Finding patterns that either corroborate ordisconfirm par ticular hypotheses and answer the evaluation questions†¢ Understanding how social reality, asobserved by the evaluator, corroborates ordisconfirms hypotheses and evaluationquestions†¢ Emphasis on measurement procedures that lend themselves to numerical representations of variables†¢ Representative samples of stakeholder groups†¢ Use sample sizes with sufficient statisticalpower to detect expected outcomes†¢ Measuring instruments that are constructed with a view to making them reliable and valid†¢ Evaluator control and ability to manipulatethe setting, which improves the internalvalidity, the statistical conclusions validity,and the construct validity of the researchdesigns| (Miles Huberman, 1994) We will be using a purposive sample of stakeholders to interview. The interviews will include 2 social workers, 2 families, 2 young people who have left care, 2 Independent reviewing managers and 2 foster carers. This is because for the research we want to interview people involved in the LAC review as our research is about children and young people going through the process and weather their voice is heard. The table below shows the advantages and disadvantages of sampling methods and why we have chosen purposive sampling. Sampling techniques: Advantages and disadvantage Technique| Descriptions| Advantages| Disadvantages| Simple random| Random sample from whole population| Highly representative if all subjects participate; the ideal| Not possible without complete list of population members; potentially uneconomical to achieve; can be disruptive to isolate members from a group; time-scale may be too long, data/sample could change| Stratified random| Random sample from identifiable groups (strata), subgroups, etc. Can ensure that specific groups are represented, even proportionally, in the sample(s) (e. g. , by gender), by selecting individuals from strata list| More complex, requires greater effort than simple random; strata must be carefully defined| Cluster| Random samples of successive clusters of subjects (e. g. , by institution) until small groups are chosen as units| Possible to select randomly when no single list of population members exists, but local lists do; data collected on groups may avoid introduction of confounding by isolating members| Clusters in a level must be equivalent and some natural ones are not for essential characteristics (e. g. geographic: numbers equal, but unemployment rates differ)| Stage| Combination of cluster (randomly selecting clusters) and random or stratified random sampling of individuals| Can make up probability sample by random at stages and within groups; possible to select random sample when population lists are very localized| Complex, combines limitations of cluster and stratified random sampling| Purposive| Hand-pick subjects on the basis of specific characteristics| Ensures balance of group sizes when multiple groups are t o be selected| Samples are not easily defensible as being representative of populations due to potential subjectivity of researcher| | Select individuals as they come to fill a quota by characteristics proportional to populations| Ensures selection of adequate numbers of subjects with appropriate characteristics| Not possible to prove that the sample is representative of designated population| Snowball| Subjects with desired traits or characteristics give names of further appropriate subjects| Possible to include members of groups where no lists or identifiable clusters even exist (e. g. , drug abusers, criminals)| No way of knowing whether the sample is representative of the population| Volunteer, accidental, convenience| Either asking for volunteers, or the consequence of not all those selected finally participating, or a set of subjects who just happen to be available| Inexpensive way of ensuring sufficient numbers of a study| Can be highly unrepresentative| Black, T. R. (1999:11 8) For this research the narrative approach for interviewing the sample has been chosen. What we mean by the word narrative is important to understand why we are using this approach. The  Oxford Mini Dictionary  defines narrative as ‘a spoken or written account of something’ (Hawker, 2002: 406). Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary  is not specific about the written or spoken, with its ‘an account of any occurrence’ Macdonald, (1972: 876) thereby including the possibility of other types of communication visual, aural, tactile and so on. This wider, inclusive definition is important because it recognizes and allows the use of signing, Braille, and other communications systems/languages. It provides the following through the interviews, locates the person in context describing setting, character and mental summary of events, conflict and outcomes. Mishler (1986) The narrative process will enable collection of data from the sample selected and they will be able to tell their stories this is very important within the LAC population as we have more black children and young people represented in our system. They will be able to tell their story from their cultural perspective Marshall et al (1995). The main advantage of the process is that in the interviews we will be able to find the voice of the participant in the particular time, place and setting in this case the LAC review. Connelly et al (1990) this can also lead to gaining insight into the organisational change which can lead to cultural change. Faber (1998), Boje (1991), Beech (2000) It can also bring insight into decision making through stories and how knowledge is transferred in the organisation. OiConnor, (1997) Darwent,( 2000). We need to also acknowledge the limitations of the narrative approach. We can have researcher bias which can influence the data, the sample may not be credible, sample could have been influenced by other studies they were involved in, and background information may be missing, the analysis of the researcher could be biased, the very presence of the researcher may affect the research and data, the present information may not influence the future. Heisenburg (1927) and building trust with the sample takes time the snapshot view and small sample may impact the outcomes as they may not be representative of the population. Hammersley et al (1983) Hammersley (1990) We will be using semi-structured interview method as it is complementary to using the narrative approach to asking questions, and its strengths and limitations. â€Å"Interviewing is a complex and demanding technique† (Frey and Oishi 1995:02) This researcher sets the environment for the data to be collected. The interviewee has time to share their views but the process relies on the interviewee willing to give an honest answer. Breakwell et al (1950). It allows the interviewer to ask open questions and supplement ones to clarify views, Frey and Oishi (1995). They may not be completely honest and ask elaborate questions back to ascertain exactly what the research is about. (Wimmer and Dominick (1997). The data and validity of the research may well be impacted by these. Breakwell et al (1995) How to cite Logic Model, Papers

New Trends in Advertising free essay sample

Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade its viewers, readers or listeners to take some action. It usually includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefit the consumer, to persuade potential customers, to purchase or to consume that particular brand. Different types of media can be used to deliver these messages, including traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and billboards. But the trends in advertising are changing over time.The competition is going tough day by day. Thus, marketers are trying to find out more effective ways to reach the target audience. But these changes have not occurred suddenly. There is a continuous growth in advertising trends with the passing time. While some old trends have been modified some new trends have evolved. Advertising: The times are a-changing. Across time, we have been witness to big changes in advertising, from merely communicating a product or service, to highly sophisticated multi-dimensional and multi-channel strategies, and always with the same goal. Across time, we have seen a huge evolution of techniques and trends, products, strategies, media†¦ The authentic â€Å"next big thing† comes with the advent of the Internet. Advertising is a very powerful business. All by itself, advertising powers large industries such as television or print media, huge empires with thousands of employees and billions of dollars in revenues which constantly feed their tummies with money coming from the advertisers: to induce someone to buy or use that product or service.To achieve their goal, advertisers use different types of weapons with very different characteristics, ranging from pure carpet-bombing that guarantees the coverage of a large area, to highly precise snipers that allow them to hit a specific target right between the eyes and in the perfect moment to do so. Across time, we have seen a huge evolution of those weapons, new techniques and trends, new products, new strategies, new media†¦ How ever, as in many other industries, he really big change, the authentic â€Å"next big thing† comes with the advent of the Internet. And believe it or not, even though the Internet has been among us for quite a significant number of years, the chang e is yet to come. Lets review some of the changes that will, in the coming years, turn the world of advertising completely upside down†¦Ã‚   The first and fundamental change is related to the so called â€Å"interruption marketing†, and it could be well expressed as â€Å"dont get between my content and me†.Think about it: for a number of years, the media industry has been able to run their business with a very clear and straightforward model if you want to put your hands in my content, you will have to accept my conditions. And those conditions are: either you pay for it, or you will accept interruptions. Those interruptions will come any time, in any form or shape, and we will charge advertisers depending on the number of eyeballs that we are able to – theoretically – put in front of your ad. We – the media – can manage the time, the sequence, the primetime†¦ anything.We have the control, and all you can do is to sit down and become â€Å"audience†, i. e. shut up and listen. Depending on which side you are at, the idea sounds reasonable; media companies learn how to influence us, how to shape our tastes and habits, and we accept the model because we basically dont have any other model to compete with. You Tube. Your new ad network The 30-second TV spot hasnt gone away entirely. Its just that the smart money is spending less of theirs on media, and placing ads on You Tube. They then attempt to drive consumers there via other inexpensive means.YouTube is a vehicle to attract viewers who might not be watching as much TV, or skipping the shows in the brands media buy. Its also an ideal vehicle to expand an advertisers reach. The spot developed for an audience in Peoria is now reaching you wherever you are, thanks to You Tubes international exposure. What are the current trend in advertising? How are you reaching your customers in a day and age where television and newspapers are no longer as effective? What causes a product or service to sell in todays world? Do you believe images and music cause a product or service to sell?When a product or service is advertised what causes it to stay in your mind and create a feeling of need for a product or service? With the facts of images and music being played what makes those factors have an effect on the way we think? If you do not like a current song and you see it advertising a product will you no longer buy the product? Children will see there favorite actor or actress in a commercial they want the product. For example an actor or actresses in a nail polish advertisement. Does that have the effect on the nail polish itself? No, yet children will want it.Does having a big start make a product more effective when marking it? Does a new popular song really make a product better? Or is it the fact of it catching or grabbing your attention? When you hear a song on the radio that was in an advertisement does your brain automatically think of a product? If so, how would you go about finding which one would really help? With music and images constantly changing how do you keep up with advertising int todays market? What key factors are necessary to market? New Trends In Advertising It’s no secret to anyone that the internet has caused a dramatic shift in almost every sector of our society.From basic communication to investing to information storage to news gathering, the internet has permanently changed our lives. We are no longer limited to one-on-one communication. No investment is of f limits to our instant attention. No longer are we in danger of losing paper records to calamity. Even 24 hour news stations are becoming obsolete. Far from being over, this revolution has continued as newer and more powerful applications make their inroads onto the cloud. As the internet increasingly becomes the hub of our activities, more and more devices are becoming â€Å"web friendly,† opening even greater possibilities.With this shift of activity, a new advertising paradigm is emerging. As traditional media comes under greater pressure from a loss of audience, opportunities are shifting to a non-traditional, decentralized structure, giving small businesses and individuals greater leverage. Advertisers now have thousands of choices of where to advertise. The days of pricey 30 second ads before millions of television viewers is fading. Newspapers which once commanded premiums for full page ads are losing their subscribers. The new giants of advertising are internet social media sites, auction sites, and internet blog sites.For example blogs such as Techcrunch and Mashable combine to pull in over $1 million per month in ad revenue! In this decentralized world, skill and content reign as king. Any person with vision, skill, and tenacity can build a high traffic site supported exclusively by advertising revenue. In this brave new world, advertisers are scrambling to adjust their strategies to the new paradigm. Those who understand this shift and adjust quickly have a decided advantage over the competition. Amid the new ad trends, advertisers have gained greater flexibility. They are no longer limited to fixed expense models of advertising such as direct marketing, billboard, newspaper, radio or television ads. Advertisers, with more options than ever, are experimenting with targeted advertising such as pay-per-click, pay-per-response or cost-per-view. With increasingly powerful software analytics, these advertisers can target their ads to sites and viewers who are looking for their products. A dog food manufacturer can now target ads to only pet or dog owners through sites devoted entirely to those subjects.A realtor can post ads on sites targeted toward property investors. As more advanced software and hardware technology is developed, this trend will only intensify. As smart phone usage increases, more ads will be targeted directly to mobile phones. With GPS technology, coupons will be sent directly to customers as they pass by or walk into a place of business. Word of mouth will be leveraged in new ways with incentives being given to spread the word. Software that searches our computers or phones for interests will push ads tailored to us in front of our eyes.Technology will even revolutionize more traditional forms of advertising. Billboards with internet access will update ads containing video clips and moving images on the fly. With more sophisticated statistical tracking, ads could be switched to target the general interests of drivers at various times of the day or week. Newspapers, under increasing pressure to change venues will adopt ads embedded into e-book articles. Internet TV, viewed right from our own televisions may pull in ads directed to our individual tastes. Powerful technologies are changing our economic landscape.

War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front Essay Example

War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front Paper War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front BY Itmes123 War Dehumanization If you think of humanity as one large body, then war is like suicide, or at best, self mutilation( Jerome Crabb). Paul B? ¤umer, the protagonist of All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque fulfills his understanding of Jerome Crabbs quote after experiencing everything war has to offer. In the novel, Paul truly experiences what being in war can physically and mentally do to not only a man, but their families as well. It is apparent that Erich Maria Remarque had Paul B? ¤umer face various orrifying situations while at the front to make a powerful statement against war and everything associated with it. Throughout the book, Remarque uses implicit statements to help prove his argument in a myriad of ways. The statements Remarque includes in the novel cohere with one another to show that war dehumanizes the soldiers who choose to enlist into it. Through the implicit language and arguments used, the dehumanization effect war brought upon the soldiers is illustrated as an unbreakable force that takes no pity on the soldiers at the front. We will write a custom essay sample on War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It greatly affects the soldiers physically, mentally, and even psychologically. Erich Maria Remarque shows that war has a dehumanizing effect on the men even to the point of being compared to savages by using point of view, literary devices and imagery. By applying the points of view of the distinct characters in his novel, Remarque is able to implicitly make the argument that war dehumanizes the soldiers in every way possible. Because of the usage of point of view, the argument trying to be proven is seen through a clearer outlook since a single characters personality does not affect the argument of war dehumanizing the men. Conventional human characteristics, for xample the significance of education, have seemed to be lost completely due to war. When discussion arises between Paul and his comrades about their aspirations after war, the men come to realize that they have forgotten most of what their schoolmaster Kantorek had taught them back in school which was really not that long ago. Paul even considers the school lessons they received back as civilians to be rot(86). The word choice Paul uses sort of gives off a supercilious tone on education. Pauls tone on the topic illustrates that he sees little or no value in the education he learned from his schoolmasters. Obviously, education is seen as an extremely important part of humanity of the soldiers but since Paul is devaluing education, he is essentially devaluing humanity as well. Adding onto Pauls depreciation of education at the front, as Leer, one of his closest comrades is killed, Paul comes to the understanding that being such a good mathematician at school served Leer no good while fghting on the front (284). The realization he made is that war does not take pity for people who are well educated. Paul feels that war cares nothing of education since Leers mathematics skills were not able to help him survive the ombardment and therefore, the education used on Leer served of very little use for him since ne was not able to survive the wrath ot war. This experience displays to Paul that only instinct can help to survive being at the front. Solely using instinct to survive is a characteristic only vital to animals and because Paul exhibits this characteristic, Remarque is implying that all soldiers act based off of instinct.. It is in essence showing that the soldiers in way are at a level comparable to various animals. Yet another point of view Remarque incorporates to illustrate animal like ualities in the soldiers is that of Albert Kropp. In this instance, Kropp is badly hurt with an amputated leg. He no longer sees the value of enduring the strong pain as he tells Paul that he will shoot himself the first time he can get a hold of his revolver(261). By devaluing his own life, Kropp has shown to the readers that war has destroyed his own humanity since life is one of the most important values in humanity. Without the virtue of humanity, Kropp and many other soldiers that find themselves in similar situations can be compared to animals. The points of view from Albert and Paul all are brought together to show the dehumanization effect war causes since the men are no longer caring for their humanity. Also, literary devices integrated in the novel cohere with each other to furthermore show how the soldiers at war become less and less human everyday. As the soldiers fall in line for breakfast to receive their normal amount of rations, the sergeant cook is shocked to see that only 80 of the men survived the heavy attack from the previous day. He unwittingly made enough food for the 150 men but because nearly half of them had died, the ook finds himself with an overload of food. Because of the massive surplus, the soldiers in line for breakfast plead their case to the cook that they should receive double rations for the day. At first, the cook is hesitant to comply with the soldiers orders thinking Eighty men cant have what is meant for a hundred and fifty'(5). The literary device shown here is irony as after persuading the cook for double rations, the Second Company which came back 80 strong has no difficulty consuming all of the leftover food meant for the other soldiers who were not as lucky to survive. After eceiving and consuming the extra food, the soldiers showed no remorse of the fact that they were eating their fellow dead soldiers breakfast. The only emotion they felt was satisfaction in their bellies. The men usually receive minimal food at the front so they quickly snap at the opportunity to receive an extra ration despite it being meant for the dead soldiers. This quality the men portray is one similar to animals as animals also snap at any opportunity to get food even if it is at an expense of another animal. They only think of what they can do for them to be better off and in this case, he soldiers are doing the same. Another literary device Remarque uses to confirm his argument is symbolism. As Paul and his comrades crowd around Kemmerichs bed at the hospital, they notice that Kemmerichs leg has been amputated. Out of the group, Kemmerich has the most comfortable boots and Muller takes note of that. Considering the fact that Kemmerich will no longer be able to wear the boots, Muller desperately wants them to replace his worn out uncomfortable boots. At first, Paul wanted Kemmerich to keep and die with the boots still in his possession but he omes to realize that only the facts are real important for [them], And good boots are scarce(21). Since Kemmerich is close to death, Paul thinks of the value of the boots and where they are most needed without the realization that they are a prized possession of his dying comrade Kemmerich. War has really dehumanized the men as their value system nas changed tor the worse and the boots represent now much more they care for things that could make them better off rather than the life of a good friend. All in all, the literary devices used in the book help make a valid claim hat war has a dehumanizing effect on the soldiers. By applying imagery, Remarque shows the soldiers in war are dehumanized to a level that can be compared to animals. The soldiers find themselves resorting to their animal like instincts to help stay alive which make them lose all human characteristics by fighting in the war. Following Pauls leave from the front, he serves some time as a prison guard watching over the Russian prisoners and unintentionally compares the prisoners to animals describing them as meek, scolded, St. Bernard dogs and they seem nervous and fearful(189). St. Bernard dogs are defined as generally very large working dogs originally bred for rescue. The word choice of meek and scolded certainly do not match the definition of St Bernard dogs as rescue dogs have to be assertive and praised. Paul is hinting to the fact that because of the harsh conditions the prisoners are forced to endure, they have been ever since going through a long stint of dehumanization. The Russian prisoners also slink about [the] camp and pick over the garbage Slinking around the enemy camp suggests that the prisoners are trying to scavenge any left ood in a stealthy manner trying their best not be noticed by the others. This tactic is very similar to how various animals capture their prey so war has actually animalized the prisoners. Also, the Russians result to picking through garbage cans to try and find leftover bread crumbs. Searching through garbage cans for food is certainly the last resort for food but war has dehumanized the men to the extent where all they care about is surviving. If it means eating out of the garbage can, they will do so. These two instances show how animalistic war can make men become. By ncorporating character point of view, literary devices and distinct imagery, Remarque shows that war has not only dehumanized the soldiers but animalized them as well. Remarque is able to implicitly show Just how dehumanizing war can be to anyone that is absorbed into it. It truly destroys the humanity in all men that comes in its way. Time and time again, Remarque pleads his case of how fighting in war and being at the front can over time make a man less than a human being and closer to an animal due to the loss of many values of humanity. His argument in the novel is quite specific and strong but it is certainly valid.

Free Essays on The Panama Canal

The Panama Canal Regardless of previous failed attempts by other organizations, the United States was able toovercome the numerous dangers present at the isthmus between North and South America, and build what remains today one of the greatest engineering marvels of the modern world. The successful completion of the Panama Canal in 1914 proved to be a vital link for the entire world. Many unsuccessful attempts were made at building such a canal. Columbus had searched tirelessly for a passage to the treasure-filled Indies, and repeated sailors since that time have tried the same. Emperor Napoleon III of France once suggested the idea of building a canal in France's land across the sea, but this idea never progressed into firm plans. No major progress, with the exception of ideas and suggestions, was made until the 19th century, when a French individual, Ferdinand de Lesseps, felt it was time for a French-owned canal at Panama. Lesseps was the most important foreigner involved with Egypt's Suez Canal, and his great success at Suez made him over-confident that a canal at Panama would be just the same. As he proceeded to convince his countrymen of his plans, the stock for his new company, the Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interoceanique, was sold with unsettling results. The company had only managed to raise 8% of the original funding that Lesseps had hoped for: 30 million francs of his requested 400 million francs. Work began in 1882 along the route of the 1855 Panama Railroad, and Lesseps was in his seventies. From that point on, the company and the canal were plagued by troubles, most being financial. Several times, Lesseps was forced to go back to his countrymen to gather funds, often as loans and one time as a lottery. There were also serious, unexpected setbacks in the actual excavation of the canal zone. Diseases such as yellow fever and malaria put many of the workers in the hospitals ... Free Essays on The Panama Canal Free Essays on The Panama Canal The Panama Canal Regardless of previous failed attempts by other organizations, the United States was able toovercome the numerous dangers present at the isthmus between North and South America, and build what remains today one of the greatest engineering marvels of the modern world. The successful completion of the Panama Canal in 1914 proved to be a vital link for the entire world. Many unsuccessful attempts were made at building such a canal. Columbus had searched tirelessly for a passage to the treasure-filled Indies, and repeated sailors since that time have tried the same. Emperor Napoleon III of France once suggested the idea of building a canal in France's land across the sea, but this idea never progressed into firm plans. No major progress, with the exception of ideas and suggestions, was made until the 19th century, when a French individual, Ferdinand de Lesseps, felt it was time for a French-owned canal at Panama. Lesseps was the most important foreigner involved with Egypt's Suez Canal, and his great success at Suez made him over-confident that a canal at Panama would be just the same. As he proceeded to convince his countrymen of his plans, the stock for his new company, the Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interoceanique, was sold with unsettling results. The company had only managed to raise 8% of the original funding that Lesseps had hoped for: 30 million francs of his requested 400 million francs. Work began in 1882 along the route of the 1855 Panama Railroad, and Lesseps was in his seventies. From that point on, the company and the canal were plagued by troubles, most being financial. Several times, Lesseps was forced to go back to his countrymen to gather funds, often as loans and one time as a lottery. There were also serious, unexpected setbacks in the actual excavation of the canal zone. Diseases such as yellow fever and malaria put many of the workers in the hospitals ...

Country Effect to Companies Success.Thailand Assignment

Country Effect to Companies Success.Thailand - Assignment Example It is only through sustained growth and development of the company in the new market that incomes and subsequently profits will be yielded on the investments. But questions have been asked as to why some companies succeed easily in new markets and why other struggle till collapse. Indeed, no single answer can be given to explain why this phenomenon is so. However, one fact that is inclusive in the many available options of answers the regard for the country effect (Lee-Ross and Mitchell, 2007). By country effect, reference is being made to the need to pay critical attention to rhythmic cultural and socio-economic behavioral pattern of the people within the country in which the company is situated (Garcia-Cabrera and Garcia-Sota, 2008). Studies have showed that the mistake that most modern companies make with the country effect and thus the regard for the cultural influence of the local people is that, they tend to take pride in globalization and thus think global and act global. In t his paper, an example is presented of how an entrepreneur in Thailand effectively made use of the country effect to his advantage, using the article of Brettel, Engelen and Heinemann (2008) as a case study. Consumer Perception and Ethics A regard for consumer perception and ethics is an important factor that determines success for entrepreneurs in Thailand. This is because according to Brettel, Engelen and Heinemann (2008), the perceptive and ethical values of the people of Thailand is carried directly into their consumer decision making as to which companies to do business with and which companies to withdraw from. Generally, these consumers would want companies to show high sense of integrity, ethical consideration and respect for social responsibility. Entrepreneurs who have become successful in Thailand have therefore been those who make as part of their organizational culture and climate, the respect for integrity, ethics and community development. Specific example is used with DHL Thailand in a separate study where the company made as part of its new market entry strategy, the need to throw themselves up to the people as the most trusted company. With the use of high moral standards through respect for privacy, timely delivery of parcels, concise charging of fees, and improved corporate social responsibility, the company became one of the fastest growing companies in Thailand (Baughn et al, 2006). In effect, it is always important to know the values that consumers cherish through consumer perception and ethics and rightly make these values showed in the company’s virtues. Consumer behavior and preferences Another study conducted has showed that the country effect and the exhibition of culture can be translated into the consumer behavior and preferences of the local people (Nguyen et al, 2009). That is t say that the kind and nature of goods and services that consumers will patronize depends largely on their country culture. Disregarding the countr y effect would therefore mean that companies and for that matter, entrepreneurs will offer goods and services that do not meet the preferences of consumers. As far as consumer behavior and preference is concerned, Brettel, Engelen and Heinemann (2008) explained that two key dimensions of country effect that comes to play in Thailand are collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. With collectivism, Thailand is ranked high, meaning there is high dependence on group in the society. In effect, the consumer behavior of individuals is influenced by what the masses accept to be true, real or authentic. With this in mind, entrepreneurs who h

Community Health Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Community Health Nursing - Essay Example Suicide may result from depression, from a post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar, anxiety, substance use or a borderline personality disorder. Suicide is a preventable public health problem and any person who expresses any kind of suicidal thoughts or intentions needs to be taken very seriously. Other warning signs include sudden withdrawal, hopelessness and excessive sadness, showing dangerous and self-harmful behaviors, change in behavior to think and always talk about death and threatening suicide (Nordentoft, Mortensen, & Pedersen, 2011). Many treatment options can be considered for treating mental disorders depending on the type of condition. Among them includes behavioral therapy a form of psychotherapy for treating psychopathology, cognitive behavioral therapy a psychotherapeutic approach composed of behavioral and cognitive techniques, cognitive therapy to help individuals think more effectively and group therapy a form of psychotherapy. Other treatment options available include use of Electroconvulsive therapy used to treatment major depressions not responding to other treatment options, pharmacological therapy by medication use such as antipsychotics and antidepressants, the use of individual psychotherapy and psychoanalytic treatment option focused on helping the patient become aware of the underlying sources of their pathological condition (Jorm, 2012). Mental health nurses have a role in working with clients in the community to coordinate the range of services that are required in an effort of maximizing the patient’s level of functioning. They work together with the caregivers and family members to offer and support in dealing with the conditions. However, their role varies depending on the setting and areas of specialization. Among some of the common roles they play include caring for patients, assessing and educating patients, medication administration, encouraging patients, provision of therapy, enhancing

An Analysis Of A Thousand Splendid Suns English Literature Essay

An Analysis Of A Thousand Splendid Suns English Literature Essay At the time, Mariam did not understand. She did not know what the word harami- bastard meant. Nor was she old enough to appreciate the injustice, to see that it is the creators of the harami who are culpable, not the harami, whos only sin is being born. Mariam did surmise, by the way Nana said the word, that it was an ugly, loathsome thing to be a harami, like an insect, like the scurrying cockroaches Nana was always cursing and sweeping out of the kolba. (P.) As I read this passage, it elucidated the faulty mother-daughter relationship held between Nana and Mariam. While I was reading this passage, I predicted that regardless of what happens, this relationship will end up in betrayal and fear. What mother or guardian would call her child a bastard, something completely out of their control and decision? Mariam neither chose nor decided that she would be an illegitimate baby or an accident. Nanas insecurity is evident as she tries to place the overbearing guilt and anger she has in her own daughter. Although Nana may love Mariam, her failure to communicate a caring facet of her personality will ultimately, in my opinion, cause the failure of a loving relationship. Youre afraid, Nana, she might have said. Youre afraid that I might find the happiness you never had. And you dont want me to be happy. You dont want a good life for me. Youre the one with the wretched heart. Pg. 27 (C.) Throughout our lives, we often fuel our hatred toward our parents or guardians because of ignorance, disappointment, or failed expectations. In our adolescence, we fail to see how much parents sacrifice for us. We say things we regret out of frustration and anger. Much like Mariam, I have also doubted my parents intentions, and how miserable they were making my life. As I matured I began to realize many things lost to my parents by making the choice to have children: freedom, commitment to jobs, time. It would seem absurd to have children, but the chance that they may give the unrivaled unconditional love found nowhere else is a worthy cause. When Mariam left Nanas side, it was not only a physical abandonment but also an emotional one. Nana may have been cold and callous, but the love and care she offered Mariam were unrivaled. You go on and cry, Mariam jo. Go on. There is no shame in it. But remember, my girl, what the Koran says, Blessed is He in Whose hand is the kingdom, and He Who has power over all things, Who created death and life that He may try you. The Koran speaks the truth, my girl. Behind every trial and every sorrow that He makes us shoulder, God has a reason. But Mariam could not hear comfort in Gods words. Not that day. Not then. All she could hear was Nana saying, Ill die if you go. Ill just die. All she could do was cry and cry and let her tears fall on the spotted, paper-thin skin of MullaFaiuzullahs hands. Pg. 36 (E.) Mariam undergoes an extreme change in this passage. This initial conflict acts as a foundation for a series of complications that ensue, progressively destroying the little security Mariam has after this tragic experience. Through each emotional trauma Mariam encounters, she grows stronger. Her persona depicts a strong, independent individual, evident from the beginning of the novel where she often questions authority and dreams of a bright future with war, poverty, and death hovering in silence in the area around her. Mariam had so openly walked into Jalils empty gifts with high hopes, leaving behind the only love she would ever receive in this world. Consequently, as reality set in, Mariams hope is crushed: she is unwanted, alone, and guilt-ridden.Hosseini seems to reflect upon the endless cycle of hope and crushed dreams, similar to that of real Afghan women oppressed by sexist regulations. Mariam thought of Jalil, of the empathetic, jovial way in which hed pushed his jewelry at her, the overpowering cheerfulness that left room for no response but meek gratitude. Nana had been right about Jalils gifts. They had been halfhearted tokens of penance; insincere, corrupt gestures meant more for his own appeasement than hers. This shawl, Mariam saw, was a true gift. Pg. 68 (Q.) Gifts are always meaningful to me whether it is for self-appeasement or gratitude. I do not comprehend why Mariam would think any less of Jalils gift than Rasheeds. While Jalil was bounded by guilt, Rasheed too was bounded by marriage and love. Both gifts through Mariams perspective would be insincere. Every gift has a reason, why would Jalils be an exception. The same way Jalil tried to buy Mariams forgiveness through these gifts, Rasheed was trying to buy her love. Although Rasheeds deed seems nobler, in my perspective they are relatively the same. Mariam seems to be in denial about Jalils character and role as a father. As portrayed in the passage, she tries to exact her reasons to hate him by finding fault in his gifts and other things. Mariam lay on the couch, hands tucked between her knees, watched the whirlpool of snow twisting and spinning outside the window. She remembered Nana saying once that each snowflake was a sigh heaved by an aggrieved woman somewhere in the world. That all the sighs drifted up the sky, gathered into clouds, then broke into tiny pieces that fell silently on the people below. As a reminder of how women life us suffer, shed say. How quietly we endure all that falls upon us. Pg. 82 (P.) Throughout the book, Nanas stringent words seem emphatic as the novels universal theme. Mariams life begins to be the perfect definition of endurance, and the reader eventually sees how she grows to be the spitting image of Nana. In the passage, Mariam immediately recollects experiences with Nana following her death. The way Hosseini chose to particularly note female struggles and prejudice foreshadows the imminent future of abuse Mariam soon ensues. Another clue of foreshadowing is seen in the repercussions of Nanas words, especially endurance, which impacts Mariam greatly as she often associates Nana with it. It was Gods fault, for taunting her as He had. For not granting her what He had granted so many other women. For dangling before her, tantalizingly, what He knew would have her thegreatest happiness, then pulling it away. Pg. 84 (E.) Mariam, in her state of weakness, seems to need some reassurance that there is reason or fault behind her miscarriage. She feels the unbarring need to justify why her happiness had so easily been stripped away. Accusations were haranguing in her head, until eventually she reached the conclusion that Allah had been responsible. The way Hosseini makes Mariam question her own religion truly illustrates the extent of the scenario, where she would go as far as to question her own faith. This passage also portrays the desperate nature of Mariam. She believes that salvation can be found in the baby that had slipped away; Rasheed would be satisfied and she would be granted the privilege of being a mother. Her tower of security crumbles with this as her security and confidence idles away along with the baby. I know youre still young, but I want you to understand and learn this now, he said. Marriage can wait, education cannot. Youre a very, very bright girl. Truly, you are. You can be anything you want, Laila. I know this about you. And I also know that when this war is over, Afghanistan is going to need you as much as its men, maybe even more. Because a society has no chance of success if its women are uneducated, Laila. No chance. Pg. 103 (R.) Hosseini provides excellent insight of a postmodern Afghan family with this passage. Although Laila is an adolescent at the time, her fathers beliefs prove to influence the many decisions throughout her life. As the plot progresses we see Laila mature into a strong, persevered woman with the bulwark of her fathers aspirations. Hosseini brilliantly initiates this flashback to contrast the solidity of sexist attitudes portrayed by Mariams life, to provide as a beacon of hope that one day soon education will be the deciding factor of power rather than gender. A child of the revolution and the Soviet invasion, this passage foreshadows a bright future by characterizing Laila through this dialogue. Hosseini furthers his purpose beyond the plot to inspire readers to purse a future of education. Even in modern society, sexism is still an overbearing factor that continues to assault the security of women everywhere. Despite the antediluvian setting in which A Thousand Splendid Suns takes place, Hosseini exemplifies how hope still exists not only from women amidst female oppression. Sometimes Laila wondered why Mammy had even bothered having her. People, she believed now, shouldnt be allowed to have new children if theyd already given away all their love to their old ones. It wasnt fair. A fit of anger claimed her. Laila went to her room, collapsed on her bed. When the worst of it all had passed, she went across the hallway to Mammys door and knocked. When she was younger, Laila used to sit for hours outside this door. She would tap on it and whisper Mammys name over and over, like a magic chant meant to break a spell: Mammy, Mammy, Mammy, MammyBut Mammy never opened the door. She didnt open it now. Laila turned the knob and walked in. Pg. 107 (E.) This passage displays a critical point in the novel. Much like Mariam, Lailas self-worth had constantly been depreciated by Mammy, who failed to live up to the motherly figure that she was to her sons. Although Laila was too young to understand, Mammy was disillusioned by the past, lingering in memories rather than reality. The more Mammy continues to grieve about her two sons, the further away she pushes Laila. The emotional trauma Laila underwent is evident from the passage. As Mammy becomes less and less of a motherly figure, Laila too becomes less and less of a daughterly figure. I felt that throughout Lailas adolescent, she had tried to earn the respect and love of her mother. When Mammy failed to provide the care and love to quench Lailas desire for attention, Laila simply gave up. With this, Laila and Babis relationship flourished in ways Mammy and Lailas could not. In Tariqs grimace, Laila learned that boys differed from girls in this regard. They didnt make a show of friendship. They felt no urge, no need, for this sort of talk. Laila imagined it had been this way for her brothers too. Boys, Laila came to see, treated friendship the way they treated the sun: its existence undisputed; its radiance best enjoyed, not beheld directly. Pg. 119 (C.) More than once have I been in the situation Laila places Tariq in. The awkward silence between two close friends that are not exactly in a legitimate relationship. Although Lailas realization is stereotypical and a double standard, it does shed some truth for certain circumstances. I do not feel the need to express or display the obvious. I find that some girls feel insecure about friendships and constantly need clarification on the status of the relationship while boys just categorize most simply as friends. Rather than get complicated and over dramatic, boys simply enjoy the friendship as it is without labeling and categorizing. I personally do not enjoy public displays of affection mostly because I find that the constant need to satiate a girls desire grows to be a near impossible task. Women have always had it hard in this country, Laila, but theyre probably more free now, under the communists, and have more rights than theyve ever had before, Babi said, always lowering his voice, aware of how intolerant Mammy was of even remotely positive talk of the communists. But its true, Babi said, its a good time to be a woman in Afghanistan. And you can take advantage of that, Laila. Of course, womens freedom- here, he shook his head ruefully-is also one of the reasons people out there took up arms in the first placeGod forbid that should happen!Babi liked to say sarcastically. Then he would sigh, and say, Laila, my love, the only enemy an Afghan cannot defeat is himself. Pg. 121 (C.) This passage poses a very controversial issue plaguing the world today, religious practice versus feminist struggles. As portrayed in the story, religion has often sparked many complications when poised against more new world thinkers. Babi exemplifies revolutionist ideas, the same ideas being fought over in many parts of the world. Religion has enormous influence upon societies even in the present. Sexism still pursues the daily lives of many women even in modernized societies like America. Variegated by perspective, remnants of sexism may still exist in fundamental readings such as the Bible. Sexism has grown to seem inescapable because of ignorance that has stemmed from years and years of male superiority. Well take care of her, Lailajan, one of the women said with an air of self-importance. Laila had been to funerals before where she had seen women like this, women who relished all things that had to do with death, official consolers who let no one trespass on their self-appointed dutiesSome days, Mammy said in a hoarse voice, I listen to that clock ticking in the hallway. Then I think of all the ticks, all the minutes, all the hours and days and weeks and months and years waiting for me. All of it without them. And I cant breathe then, like someones stepping on my heart, Laila. I get so weak. So weak I just want to collapse somewhere.' Pg. 124-129 (Q.) The way in which Hosseini illustrates this funeral perfectly describes the supercilious nature of people. I fail to understand why these women feel so inclined to only take part of Mammys life when they are invited to do so. Furthermore, why is it that Mammy continues to neglect Laila even in her time of weakness? As Hosseini described it, these women were official consolers who let no one trespass on their self-appointed duty. Laila had tried to be there during Mammys moments of weakness, only to be pushed further and further away from any chances of a legitimate relationship. While Mammy mourns for her sons, she is completely unaware that Laila is her child. She laments how horrid life will be without taking into account of her only remaining child. What truly bewilders me is why Mammy insists to be so unaware of her own childs palpable state of depression. Mammy was soon asleep, leaving Laila with dueling emotions: reassured that Mammy meant to live on, stung that she was not the reason. She would never leave her mark on Mammys heart the way her brothers had, because Mammys heart was like a pallid beach where Lailas footprints would forever wash away beneath the waves of sorrow that swelled and crashed, swelled and crashed. Pg. 130 (CL.) Hosseini further elaborates upon the complications developing between Mammy and Laila. The figurative language justly describes the anguish subjected to Laila. Despite Lailas efforts to leave an impression on Mammy, Mammy remains lost in the memories of her deceased sons. Laila had been devoid of a motherly figure throughout her childhood, and still so even after the sole attention of Mammy had passed on. The dueling emotions Laila feels signifies one of the first internal conflicts Laila undergoes. This internal conflict ultimately clarifies the abandonment that Mammy had so long initiated. Faced with the harsh reality, this passage elucidates Mammys insecurities. When stripped of her very pride and glory, Mammy returns to the safety of her memories, longing for the impossibility of seeing her sons again. With the passing of time, she would slowly tire of this exercise. She would find it increasingly exhausting to conjure up, to dust off, to resuscitate once again what was long dead. There would come a day, in fact, years later, when Laila would no longer bewail his loss. Or not as relentlessly; not nearly. There would come a day when the details of his face would begin to slip form memorys grip, when overhearing a mother on the street call after he child by Tariqs name would no longer cut her adrift. She would not miss him as she did now, when the ache of his absence was her unremitting companion- like the phantom pain of an amputee. Pg. 168 (E.) Hosseini uses a flash-forward technique to drastically contrast how much Laila truly misses Tariq. Tariqs departure alters Lailas progressive thoughts about the future and replaces them with dismal illusions. This event symbolically marks when the repercussions of war finally reach Laila, as her life is slowly but surely destroyed by violence and terror. Throughout the first half of the novel, Tariq had always acted as hope and the very reason why Laila bothered waking up every morning. As Tariq and Laila split paths, the hopes and aspirations slowly disipate into a struggle for survival. She realizes now that forgetting Tariq is inevitable and prolonging will leave her with regrets, but cannot bring her to do so. Mm. He smiled sadly.I cant believe Im leaving Kabul. I went to school here, got my first job here, became a father in this town. Its strange to think that Ill be sleeping beneath another citys skies soon. Its strange for me too. All day, this poem has been bouncing around in my head. Saib-e-Tabrizi wrote it back in the seventeenth century, I think. I used to know the whole poem, but all I can remember now is two lines: One could not count the moons that shimmer on her roofs, Or the thousand splendid suns that hide behind her walls.' Pg. 172 (C.) As Babi departs, he cannot help but mention the most prominent and significant lines in this novel. Hosseini brilliantly initiates these lines from the poem Kabul as a resolution for Lailas childhood, a subplot in the novel. The two lines flawlessly capture the essence of nostalgia, a feeling most readers are familiar with. While reading this, I remembered departing from Taiwan with the same feeling of nostalgia illustrated in this passage. At first view, Taiwan was just a mundane rural country infested with people; however, the memories I shared with my family here cannot be denoted by words. An authors job is to successfully build a relationship with the reader as Hosseini successfully does. Hosseinis choice in using figurative language allows for more imagination and understanding rather than a blatant perception of nostalgia. Laila wasnt listening anymore. She was remembering the day the man from Panjshir had come to deliver the news of Ahmads and Noors deaths. She remembered Babi, white-faced, slumping on the couch, and Mammy, her hand flying to her mouth when she heard. Laili had watched Mammy come undone that day and it had scared her, but she hadnt felt any true sorrow. She hadnt understood the awfulness of her mothers loss. Now another stranger bringing news of another death. Now she was the one sitting on the chair. Was this her penalty, then, her punishment for being aloof to her own mothers suffering? Pg. 188 (E.) Laila had already felt the repercussions of war before when Tariq had left her. Now, however, as the war scene shifts towards Kabul, she feels the overwhelming influence war has upon her and those close to her. The news of Tariqs death stabbed at Lailas old wounds. Hosseini draws a clear line between death and abandonment with this passage. This passage clearly defines the relationship in which Tariq and Laila had shared, one that was far greater than any other relationship. Despite how the war had killed all of her family members, Lailas security, that had remained untouched for so long, had finally broken. It is evident that Tariq was more than a mere friend or brother. Tariq was an unrivaled lover that Laila knew could never be replaced. A love that had blossomed as children, Lailas childhood had finally collapsed upon her. Why have you pinned your little heart to an old, ugly hag like me? Mariam would murmur into Azizas hair. Huh? I am nobody, dont you see? A dehati. What have I got to give you? But Aziza only muttered contentedly and dug her face in deeper. And when she did that, Mariam swooned. Her eyes watered. Her heart took flight. And she marveled at how, after all these years of rattling loose, she had found in this little creature the first true connection in her life of false, failed connections. Pg. 226 (CL.) Hosseinis use of dialogue in this passage truly makes for a heartaching moment in the novel. Never before has Mariam understood what unconditional love felt like. Mariam matured expecting the worse in people after having been surrounded by lies and deceit throughout her adolescence. Those she cared about were either guilt ridden or stripped away by the war. She was insecure, callous, and alone. When Aziza is introduced, Mariam finally realizes she is not alone, or rather; she does not have to be alone anymore. She tears down her walls that had so long prevented her from forming any true heartwarming relationships. Most of all, however, she learns how to forgive and forget, no longer grieving over what had happened by rather hoping for what has yet to happen. This passage clarifies very well the personality and persona of Mariam. Seasons had come and gone; presidents in Kabul had been inaugurated and murdered; an empire had been defeated; old wars had ended and new ones had broken out. But Mariam hardly noticed, hardly cared. She had passed these years in a distant corner of her mind. A dry, barren field, out beyond wish and lament, beyond dream and disillusionment. There, the future did not matter. And the past held only this wisdom: that love was a damaging mistake, and its accomplice, hope, a treacherous illusion. And whenever those twin poisonous flowers began to sprout in the parched land of that field, Mariam uprooted them. She uprooted them and ditched them before they too hold. Pg. 229 (R.) Hosseini augments the distinction between marriage and true love. Mariam, although forced into marriage, had remained optimistic, hopeful, that perhaps what had been simply a coincidence would blossom into contentment and what she believes to be true love. As disappointment after disappointment occur, this dream shatters and dissolves into torment. A prospect of human nature that Hosseini seems to instill into the reader is how emotional pain cannot be simply mitigated or eradicated. Moreover, such pain, if continually nurtured, will embody a permanent scar in ones beliefs, aspirations, and ultimately personality as witnessed in Mariam. The connotation of the figurative language used to describe Mariams feeling reflect the anguish and insecurity subjected to her, for example, She had passed these years in a distant corner of her mind. A dry, barren field, out beyond wish and lament, beyond dream and disillusionment. Hosseini elegantly words this passage to truly allow the reader to relate to the callous state Mariam has slipped into as a result of an arranged marriage. Love and hope, once regarded greatly by her, are simply whisked away. The security she once had with her loved ones had devolved into a void of self-pity. It wasnt the fear of bleeding to death that made her drop the spoke, or even the idea that the act was damnable- which she suspected it was. Laila dropped the spoke because she could not accept what the Mujahideen readily had: that sometimes in war innocent life had to be taken. Her war was against Rasheed. The baby was blameless. And there had been enough killing already. Laila had seen enough killing of innocents caught in the crossfire of enemies. Pg. 253 (E.) Hosseini captures the true essence of developing Lailas character as the protagonist of the novel. When faced with the realities of war invading every aspect of her life, Laila is lost, confused, and much like Mariam, alone. She attempts to cope with all the problems that shortly ensue after losing her beloved parents, but only manages to avoid them. Thoughts, opinions, and ideas were all things Laila could escape with perseverance and determination, however, reality soon catches up with a tangible breathing being. The moment Laila makes the distinction between politics and her personal life is when she fully matures into an adult. Shortly after this realization, Laila makes a connection with the baby- much like herself, he was the result of being caught in the crossfire of enemies, where in this instance are her and Rasheed. Laila begins understanding the true value of human life, and how easily it is taken away. Clearly against the mindless violence, Laila chooses not to stoop down to the Mujahideens method of murder. Death from starvation suddenly became a distinct possibility. Some chose not to wait for it. Mariam heard of a neighborhood widow who had ground some dried bread, laced it with rat poison, and fed it to all seven of her children. She had saved the biggest portion of herself. Pg. 272 (C.) Poverty and world hunger are two critical issues plaguing many parts of the world. Hosseini distinctly provides an example of how torturous life is in indigenous third world countries, where death is a plausible option of starving. Things we take for granted such as food, shelter, and family are scarce and near extinct in war-torn places such as Afghanistan. Hosseini instills a powerful image into the reader by bringing children into the equation rather than adults. Children that have been deprived of education, friendship, and other fundamental things such as fun are not given the opportunity to live life to the fullest extent. The most compelling aspect of this, however, is how the widow had chosen to take the lives of seven children, all of which were too young to make an adequate decision, in addition to her. It isnt your fault. Do you hear me? Not you. Its those savages, those wahshis, who are to blame. They bring shame on me as a Pashtun. Theye disgraced the name of my people. And youre not alone, hamshira. We get mothers like you all the timeall the timemothers who come here that cant feed their children because the Taliban wont let them go out and make a living. So you dont blame youself. No one here blames you. I understand. He leaned forward. Hamshira I understand.' Pg. 283 (R.) Zaman, the orphanage director, is one of the few characters that understands and relates to Laila. Often times people fall into a deep state of disillusionment when reality has grown too real, per se. As reality hits a breaking point where fault is found in near everything and no one takes blame, people begin blaming themselves. Bystanders that are powerless to make a change find fault in themselves for not having enough money, enough control, or enough courage. It is an innate behavior to always want to help whether you do or do not have the ability to. Finding someone who understands this, however, is rare in war torn countries like Kabul. The world is not fair; power does not directly correlate with hard work and perseverance. People will blame others for events that are completely out of their control, while others will take the effort to actually take part in the resolution. Mariam wished for so much in those final moments. Yet as she closed her eyes, it was not regret any longer but a sensation of abundant peace that washed over her. She thought of her entry into this world, the harami child of a lowly villager, an unintended thing, a pitiable, regrettable accident. A weed. And yet she was leaving the world as a woman who had loved and been loved back. She was leaving it as a friend, a companion, a guardian. A mother. A person of consequence at last. No. It was not so bad, Mariam thought, that she should die this way. Not so bad. This was a legitimate end to a life of illegitimate beginnings. Pg. 329 (R.) Mariam had throughout her life expected the worst in people and herself. Faith, hope, and trust had all withered along with each new chapter of her life. At these last moments of her life, Mariam finally begins to see the positive aspects of her life rather than the negative. People in general always bury themselves in a pit of self-pity when cornered, confused, and in their moment of weakness. They try to run away from realitys responsibilities through lies, rejection, and solitude. However, eventually, reality catches up to them and they realize the only person to blame is themselves for not taking a chance, the opportunity to love and trust again. Mariam took a leap of faith by extending her hands as a gesture of friendship toward Laila. Hosseini seems to have intended this passage to leave an everlasting mark on the reader: despite all of the things he or she was not able to complete, all the aspirations and motives he or she did try to achieve are what truly defines him or her as a person. Im sorry, Laila says, marveling at how every Afghan story is marked by death and loss and unimaginable grief. And yet, she sees, people find a way to survive, to go on. Laila thinks of her own life and all that has happened to her, and she is astonished that she too has survived, that she is alive and sitting in this taxi listening to this mans story. Pg. 350 (E.) Laila beings to realize how narrow minded she had been thinking ever since the ripples of war had destroyed the very essence of Kabul. She sees how the repercussions of war have simply augmented the problems of everyone including her. No longer is she in her own circle of torment when she realizes almost everyone is struggling for survival, some worse off than her. The belief that there are still people alive and trying to reconstruct their lives gives Laila hope that is not directly stated by Hosseini. This taxi driver, a seemingly insignificant character, introduces Laila to hope for Kabul and most of all herself. Before Laila had only taken into account her own life rather than Kabul in general. Laila watches Mariam glue strands of yarn onto her dolls head. In a few years, this little girl will be a woman who will make small demands on life, who will never burden others, who will never let on that she too has had sorrows, disappointments, dreams that have been ridiculed. A woman who will be like a rock in a riverbed, enduring without complaint, her grace not sullied but shaped by the turbulence that washes over her. Already Laila sees something behind this young girls eyes, something deep in her core, that neither Rasheed nor the Taliban will be able to break. Something as hard and unyielding as a block of limestone. Something that, in the end, will be her undoing and Lailas salvation. Pg. 355 (E.) This scene follows shortly after the death of Mariam as Laila visits Mariams old home. Laila has a flashback and sees Mariam mature progressively, however, rather than seeing the negative, she notes all the positive aspects of her life. This passage is critical in the story as it is one of the few scenes marked by salvation and generosity; one where a character is defined by her personality and traits rather than her tragedies and losses. This passage acts as Lailas show of gratitude without a direct statement. The most prominent quality Laila seems to emphasize the most is Mariams unfaltering loyalty to those she loves and cares about. Hosseinis use of figurative language and imagery makes this passage graceful and justified as a reminiscent of Mariam and her sacrifice. The interpretations of this passage are endless, as the figurative language invokes a more abstract definition of Mariam rather than direct characterization. I hope you do not think that I am trying to buy your forgiveness. I hope you will credit me with knowing that your forgiveness is not for sale. It never was. I am merely giving you, if belatedly, what was rightfully yours all along. I was not a dutiful father to you in life. Perhaps in death I can be.Now all